General simplification
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$$3 x^{2} - 8 x - 3$$
$$\left(x - 3\right) \left(x + \frac{1}{3}\right)$$
The perfect square
Let's highlight the perfect square of the square three-member
$$\left(3 x^{2} - 8 x\right) - 3$$
To do this, let's use the formula
$$a x^{2} + b x + c = a \left(m + x\right)^{2} + n$$
where
$$m = \frac{b}{2 a}$$
$$n = \frac{4 a c - b^{2}}{4 a}$$
In this case
$$a = 3$$
$$b = -8$$
$$c = -3$$
Then
$$m = - \frac{4}{3}$$
$$n = - \frac{25}{3}$$
So,
$$3 \left(x - \frac{4}{3}\right)^{2} - \frac{25}{3}$$
Assemble expression
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$$3 x^{2} - 8 x - 3$$
$$\left(x - 3\right) \left(3 x + 1\right)$$
Rational denominator
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$$3 x^{2} - 8 x - 3$$
Combining rational expressions
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$$x \left(3 x - 8\right) - 3$$