General simplification
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$$y^{4} - 2 y^{2} - 3$$
The perfect square
Let's highlight the perfect square of the square three-member
$$\left(y^{4} - 2 y^{2}\right) - 3$$
To do this, let's use the formula
$$a y^{4} + b y^{2} + c = a \left(m + y^{2}\right)^{2} + n$$
where
$$m = \frac{b}{2 a}$$
$$n = \frac{4 a c - b^{2}}{4 a}$$
In this case
$$a = 1$$
$$b = -2$$
$$c = -3$$
Then
$$m = -1$$
$$n = -4$$
So,
$$\left(y^{2} - 1\right)^{2} - 4$$
/ ___\ / ___\
\x + \/ 3 /*\x - \/ 3 /*(x + I)*(x - I)
$$\left(x - \sqrt{3}\right) \left(x + \sqrt{3}\right) \left(x + i\right) \left(x - i\right)$$
(((x + sqrt(3))*(x - sqrt(3)))*(x + i))*(x - i)
Rational denominator
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$$y^{4} - 2 y^{2} - 3$$
Combining rational expressions
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$$y^{2} \left(y^{2} - 2\right) - 3$$
/ 2\ / 2\
\1 + y /*\-3 + y /
$$\left(y^{2} - 3\right) \left(y^{2} + 1\right)$$
Assemble expression
[src]
$$y^{4} - 2 y^{2} - 3$$