General simplification
[src]
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$
/ ____________\ / ____________\ / ____________\ / ____________\
| / ____ | | / ____ | | / ____ | | / ____ |
| / 1 \/ 17 | | / 1 \/ 17 | | / 1 \/ 17 | | / 1 \/ 17 |
(x + 1 + I)*(x + 1 - I)*|x + / - - ------ |*|x - / - - ------ |*|x + / - + ------ |*|x - / - + ------ |*(x + -1 + I)*(x + -1 - I)
\ \/ 2 2 / \ \/ 2 2 / \ \/ 2 2 / \ \/ 2 2 /
$$\left(x + \left(1 - i\right)\right) \left(x + \left(1 + i\right)\right) \left(x + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}}\right) \left(x - \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}}\right) \left(x + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}}\right) \left(x - \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}}\right) \left(x + \left(-1 + i\right)\right) \left(x + \left(-1 - i\right)\right)$$
(((((((x + 1 + i)*(x + 1 - i))*(x + sqrt(1/2 - sqrt(17)/2)))*(x - sqrt(1/2 - sqrt(17)/2)))*(x + sqrt(1/2 + sqrt(17)/2)))*(x - sqrt(1/2 + sqrt(17)/2)))*(x - 1 + i))*(x - 1 - i)
Combining rational expressions
[src]
2 / 4 / 2\\
-16 + x *\-4 + x *\-1 + x //
$$x^{2} \left(x^{4} \left(x^{2} - 1\right) - 4\right) - 16$$
-16 + x^2*(-4 + x^4*(-1 + x^2))
-16.0 + x^8 - x^6 - 4.0*x^2
-16.0 + x^8 - x^6 - 4.0*x^2
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$
Assemble expression
[src]
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$
/ 4 2\ / 2 \ / 2 \
\-4 + x - x /*\2 + x - 2*x/*\2 + x + 2*x/
$$\left(x^{2} - 2 x + 2\right) \left(x^{2} + 2 x + 2\right) \left(x^{4} - x^{2} - 4\right)$$
(-4 + x^4 - x^2)*(2 + x^2 - 2*x)*(2 + x^2 + 2*x)
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$
Rational denominator
[src]
$$x^{8} - x^{6} - 4 x^{2} - 16$$