$$\lim_{x \to 1^-}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = -2$$ More at x→1 from the left $$\lim_{x \to 1^+}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = -2$$ $$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = -\infty$$ More at x→oo $$\lim_{x \to 0^-}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = 0$$ More at x→0 from the left $$\lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = 0$$ More at x→0 from the right $$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(- x^{3} - x\right) = \infty$$ More at x→-oo