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x^3+3x+1
Graphing y = x^3+3x+1
The solution
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3 f(x) = x + 3*x + 1
$$f{\left(x \right)} = \left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1$$
f = x^3 + 3*x + 1
The graph of the function
The points of intersection with the X-axis coordinate
Graph of the function intersects the axis X at f = 0
so we need to solve the equation:
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = 0$$
Solve this equation
The points of intersection with the axis X:
Analytical solution
$$x_{1} = - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{5}}{2}}}{3} + \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{5}}{2}}}$$
Numerical solution
$$x_{1} = -0.322185354626086$$
so we need to solve the equation:
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = 0$$
Solve this equation
The points of intersection with the axis X:
Analytical solution
$$x_{1} = - \frac{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{5}}{2}}}{3} + \frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{2} + \frac{27 \sqrt{5}}{2}}}$$
Numerical solution
$$x_{1} = -0.322185354626086$$
Extrema of the function
In order to find the extrema, we need to solve the equation
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(the derivative equals zero),
and the roots of this equation are the extrema of this function:
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
the first derivative
$$3 x^{2} + 3 = 0$$
Solve this equation
Solutions are not found,
function may have no extrema
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(the derivative equals zero),
and the roots of this equation are the extrema of this function:
$$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
the first derivative
$$3 x^{2} + 3 = 0$$
Solve this equation
Solutions are not found,
function may have no extrema
Inflection points
Let's find the inflection points, we'll need to solve the equation for this
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(the second derivative equals zero),
the roots of this equation will be the inflection points for the specified function graph:
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
the second derivative
$$6 x = 0$$
Solve this equation
The roots of this equation
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Сonvexity and concavity intervals:
Let’s find the intervals where the function is convex or concave, for this look at the behaviour of the function at the inflection points:
Concave at the intervals
$$\left[0, \infty\right)$$
Convex at the intervals
$$\left(-\infty, 0\right]$$
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = 0$$
(the second derivative equals zero),
the roots of this equation will be the inflection points for the specified function graph:
$$\frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} f{\left(x \right)} = $$
the second derivative
$$6 x = 0$$
Solve this equation
The roots of this equation
$$x_{1} = 0$$
Сonvexity and concavity intervals:
Let’s find the intervals where the function is convex or concave, for this look at the behaviour of the function at the inflection points:
Concave at the intervals
$$\left[0, \infty\right)$$
Convex at the intervals
$$\left(-\infty, 0\right]$$
Horizontal asymptotes
Let’s find horizontal asymptotes with help of the limits of this function at x->+oo and x->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1\right) = -\infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
horizontal asymptote on the left doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
horizontal asymptote on the right doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1\right) = -\infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
horizontal asymptote on the left doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
horizontal asymptote on the right doesn’t exist
Inclined asymptotes
Inclined asymptote can be found by calculating the limit of x^3 + 3*x + 1, divided by x at x->+oo and x ->-oo
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1}{x}\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
inclined asymptote on the left doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1}{x}\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
inclined asymptote on the right doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to -\infty}\left(\frac{\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1}{x}\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
inclined asymptote on the left doesn’t exist
$$\lim_{x \to \infty}\left(\frac{\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1}{x}\right) = \infty$$
Let's take the limit
so,
inclined asymptote on the right doesn’t exist
Even and odd functions
Let's check, whether the function even or odd by using relations f = f(-x) и f = -f(-x).
So, check:
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = - x^{3} - 3 x + 1$$
- No
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = x^{3} + 3 x - 1$$
- No
so, the function
not is
neither even, nor odd
So, check:
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = - x^{3} - 3 x + 1$$
- No
$$\left(x^{3} + 3 x\right) + 1 = x^{3} + 3 x - 1$$
- No
so, the function
not is
neither even, nor odd