Given the equation:
$$- 29 \cdot 2^{x} + 4^{x} + 168 = 0$$
or
$$\left(- 29 \cdot 2^{x} + 4^{x} + 168\right) + 0 = 0$$
Do replacement
$$v = 2^{x}$$
we get
$$v^{2} - 29 v + 168 = 0$$
or
$$v^{2} - 29 v + 168 = 0$$
This equation is of the form
$$a*v^2 + b*v + c = 0$$
A quadratic equation can be solved using the discriminant
The roots of the quadratic equation:
$$v_{1} = \frac{\sqrt{D} - b}{2 a}$$
$$v_{2} = \frac{- \sqrt{D} - b}{2 a}$$
where $D = b^2 - 4 a c$ is the discriminant.
Because
$$a = 1$$
$$b = -29$$
$$c = 168$$
, then
$$D = b^2 - 4 * a * c = $$
$$\left(-1\right) 1 \cdot 4 \cdot 168 + \left(-29\right)^{2} = 169$$
Because D > 0, then the equation has two roots.
$$v_1 = \frac{(-b + \sqrt{D})}{2 a}$$
$$v_2 = \frac{(-b - \sqrt{D})}{2 a}$$
or
$$v_{1} = 21$$
Simplify$$v_{2} = 8$$
Simplifydo backward replacement
$$2^{x} = v$$
or
$$x = \frac{\log{\left(v \right)}}{\log{\left(2 \right)}}$$
The final answer
$$x_{1} = \frac{\log{\left(8 \right)}}{\log{\left(2 \right)}} = 3$$
$$x_{2} = \frac{\log{\left(21 \right)}}{\log{\left(2 \right)}} = \frac{\log{\left(21 \right)}}{\log{\left(2 \right)}}$$