Integral of (x-2)^3 dx

1. There are multiple ways to do this integral.

   Method #1

   1. Let $u = x - 2$.

      Then let $du = dx$ and substitute $du$:

      $$\int u^{3}\, du$$

      1. The integral of $u^{n}$ is $\frac{u^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$ when $n \neq -1$:

         $$\int u^{3}\, du = \frac{u^{4}}{4}$$

      Now substitute $u$ back in:

      $$\frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{4}}{4}$$

   Method #2

   1. Rewrite the integrand:

      $$\left(x - 2\right)^{3} = x^{3} - 6 x^{2} + 12 x - 8$$

   2. Integrate term-by-term:

      1. The integral of $x^{n}$ is $\frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$ when $n \neq -1$:

         $$\int x^{3}\, dx = \frac{x^{4}}{4}$$

      1. The integral of a constant times a function is the constant times the integral of the function:

         $$\int \left(- 6 x^{2}\right)\, dx = - 6 \int x^{2}\, dx$$

         1. The integral of $x^{n}$ is $\frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$ when $n \neq -1$:

            $$\int x^{2}\, dx = \frac{x^{3}}{3}$$

         So, the result is: $- 2 x^{3}$

      1. The integral of a constant times a function is the constant times the integral of the function:

         $$\int 12 x\, dx = 12 \int x\, dx$$

         1. The integral of $x^{n}$ is $\frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1}$ when $n \neq -1$:

            $$\int x\, dx = \frac{x^{2}}{2}$$

         So, the result is: $6 x^{2}$

      1. The integral of a constant is the constant times the variable of integration:

         $$\int \left(-8\right)\, dx = - 8 x$$

      The result is: $\frac{x^{4}}{4} - 2 x^{3} + 6 x^{2} - 8 x$

2. Now simplify:

   $$\frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{4}}{4}$$

3. Add the constant of integration:

   $$\frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{4}}{4}+ \mathrm{constant}$$

The answer is:

$$\frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{4}}{4}+ \mathrm{constant}$$