Derivative of xtgx-1/3

1. Differentiate $x \tan{\left(x \right)} - \frac{1}{3}$ term by term:

   1. Apply the product rule:

      $$\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)} g{\left(x \right)} = f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{d x} g{\left(x \right)} + g{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)}$$

      $f{\left(x \right)} = x$; to find $\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)}$:

      1. Apply the power rule: $x$ goes to $1$

      $g{\left(x \right)} = \tan{\left(x \right)}$; to find $\frac{d}{d x} g{\left(x \right)}$:

      1. Rewrite the function to be differentiated:

         $$\tan{\left(x \right)} = \frac{\sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}}$$

      2. Apply the quotient rule, which is:

         $$\frac{d}{d x} \frac{f{\left(x \right)}}{g{\left(x \right)}} = \frac{- f{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{d x} g{\left(x \right)} + g{\left(x \right)} \frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)}}{g^{2}{\left(x \right)}}$$

         $f{\left(x \right)} = \sin{\left(x \right)}$ and $g{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$.

         To find $\frac{d}{d x} f{\left(x \right)}$:

         1. The derivative of sine is cosine:

            $$\frac{d}{d x} \sin{\left(x \right)} = \cos{\left(x \right)}$$

         To find $\frac{d}{d x} g{\left(x \right)}$:

         1. The derivative of cosine is negative sine:

            $$\frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(x \right)} = - \sin{\left(x \right)}$$

         Now plug in to the quotient rule:

         $\frac{\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} + \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}$

      The result is: $\frac{x \left(\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} + \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}} + \tan{\left(x \right)}$

   2. The derivative of the constant $- \frac{1}{3}$ is zero.

   The result is: $\frac{x \left(\sin^{2}{\left(x \right)} + \cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}\right)}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}} + \tan{\left(x \right)}$

2. Now simplify:

   $$\frac{x + \frac{\sin{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}$$

The answer is:

$$\frac{x + \frac{\sin{\left(2 x \right)}}{2}}{\cos^{2}{\left(x \right)}}$$