Given line equation of 2-order: xy+4=0 This equation looks like: a11x2+2a12xy+2a13x+a22y2+2a23y+a33=0 where a11=0 a12=21 a13=0 a22=0 a23=0 a33=4 To calculate the determinant Δ=a11a12a12a22 or, substitute Δ=021210 Δ=−41 Because Δ is not equal to 0, then find the center of the canonical coordinate system. To do it, solve the system of equations a11x0+a12y0+a13=0 a12x0+a22y0+a23=0 substitute coefficients 2y0=0 2x0=0 then x0=0 y0=0 Thus, we have the equation in the coordinate system O'x'y' a33′+a11x′2+2a12x′y′+a22y′2=0 where a33′=a13x0+a23y0+a33 or a33′=4 a33′=4 then equation turns into x′y′+4=0 Rotate the resulting coordinate system by an angle φ x′=x~cos(ϕ)−y~sin(ϕ) y′=x~sin(ϕ)+y~cos(ϕ) φ - determined from the formula cot(2ϕ)=2a12a11−a22 substitute coefficients cot(2ϕ)=0 then ϕ=4π sin(2ϕ)=1 cos(2ϕ)=0 cos(ϕ)=2cos(2ϕ)+21 sin(ϕ)=1−cos2(ϕ) cos(ϕ)=22 sin(ϕ)=22 substitute coefficients x′=22x~−22y~ y′=22x~+22y~ then the equation turns from x′y′+4=0 to (22x~−22y~)(22x~+22y~)+4=0 simplify 2x~2−2y~2+4=0 Given equation is hyperbole 8x~2−8y~2=−1 - reduced to canonical form The center of canonical coordinate system at point O
(0, 0)
Basis of the canonical coordinate system e1=(22,22) e2=(−22,22)
Invariants method
Given line equation of 2-order: xy+4=0 This equation looks like: a11x2+2a12xy+2a13x+a22y2+2a23y+a33=0 where a11=0 a12=21 a13=0 a22=0 a23=0 a33=4 The invariants of the equation when converting coordinates are determinants: I1=a11+a22
I1=0 I2=−41 I3=−1 I(λ)=λ2−41 K2=0 Because I2<0∧I3=0 then by line type: this equation is of type : hyperbola Make the characteristic equation for the line: −I1λ+I2+λ2=0 or λ2−41=0 λ1=−21 λ2=21 then the canonical form of the equation will be x~2λ1+y~2λ2+I2I3=0 or −2x~2+2y~2+4=0 8x~2−8y~2=1 - reduced to canonical form