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x1^2+x2^2+3x3^2+4x1x2+2x1x3+2x2x3=0 canonical form

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  2     2       2                                  
x1  + x2  + 3*x3  + 2*x1*x3 + 2*x2*x3 + 4*x1*x2 = 0
$$x_{1}^{2} + 4 x_{1} x_{2} + 2 x_{1} x_{3} + x_{2}^{2} + 2 x_{2} x_{3} + 3 x_{3}^{2} = 0$$
x1^2 + 4*x1*x2 + 2*x1*x3 + x2^2 + 2*x2*x3 + 3*x3^2 = 0
Invariants method
Given equation of the surface of 2-order:
$$x_{1}^{2} + 4 x_{1} x_{2} + 2 x_{1} x_{3} + x_{2}^{2} + 2 x_{2} x_{3} + 3 x_{3}^{2} = 0$$
This equation looks like:
$$a_{11} x_{3}^{2} + 2 a_{12} x_{2} x_{3} + 2 a_{13} x_{1} x_{3} + 2 a_{14} x_{3} + a_{22} x_{2}^{2} + 2 a_{23} x_{1} x_{2} + 2 a_{24} x_{2} + a_{33} x_{1}^{2} + 2 a_{34} x_{1} + a_{44} = 0$$
where
$$a_{11} = 3$$
$$a_{12} = 1$$
$$a_{13} = 1$$
$$a_{14} = 0$$
$$a_{22} = 1$$
$$a_{23} = 2$$
$$a_{24} = 0$$
$$a_{33} = 1$$
$$a_{34} = 0$$
$$a_{44} = 0$$
The invariants of the equation when converting coordinates are determinants:
$$I_{1} = a_{11} + a_{22} + a_{33}$$
     |a11  a12|   |a22  a23|   |a11  a13|
I2 = |        | + |        | + |        |
     |a12  a22|   |a23  a33|   |a13  a33|

$$I_{3} = \left|\begin{matrix}a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\a_{12} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\a_{13} & a_{23} & a_{33}\end{matrix}\right|$$
$$I_{4} = \left|\begin{matrix}a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14}\\a_{12} & a_{22} & a_{23} & a_{24}\\a_{13} & a_{23} & a_{33} & a_{34}\\a_{14} & a_{24} & a_{34} & a_{44}\end{matrix}\right|$$
$$I{\left(\lambda \right)} = \left|\begin{matrix}a_{11} - \lambda & a_{12} & a_{13}\\a_{12} & a_{22} - \lambda & a_{23}\\a_{13} & a_{23} & a_{33} - \lambda\end{matrix}\right|$$
     |a11  a14|   |a22  a24|   |a33  a34|
K2 = |        | + |        | + |        |
     |a14  a44|   |a24  a44|   |a34  a44|

     |a11  a12  a14|   |a22  a23  a24|   |a11  a13  a14|
     |             |   |             |   |             |
K3 = |a12  a22  a24| + |a23  a33  a34| + |a13  a33  a34|
     |             |   |             |   |             |
     |a14  a24  a44|   |a24  a34  a44|   |a14  a34  a44|

substitute coefficients
$$I_{1} = 5$$
     |3  1|   |1  2|   |3  1|
I2 = |    | + |    | + |    |
     |1  1|   |2  1|   |1  1|

$$I_{3} = \left|\begin{matrix}3 & 1 & 1\\1 & 1 & 2\\1 & 2 & 1\end{matrix}\right|$$
$$I_{4} = \left|\begin{matrix}3 & 1 & 1 & 0\\1 & 1 & 2 & 0\\1 & 2 & 1 & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{matrix}\right|$$
$$I{\left(\lambda \right)} = \left|\begin{matrix}3 - \lambda & 1 & 1\\1 & 1 - \lambda & 2\\1 & 2 & 1 - \lambda\end{matrix}\right|$$
     |3  0|   |1  0|   |1  0|
K2 = |    | + |    | + |    |
     |0  0|   |0  0|   |0  0|

     |3  1  0|   |1  2  0|   |3  1  0|
     |       |   |       |   |       |
K3 = |1  1  0| + |2  1  0| + |1  1  0|
     |       |   |       |   |       |
     |0  0  0|   |0  0  0|   |0  0  0|

$$I_{1} = 5$$
$$I_{2} = 1$$
$$I_{3} = -7$$
$$I_{4} = 0$$
$$I{\left(\lambda \right)} = - \lambda^{3} + 5 \lambda^{2} - \lambda - 7$$
$$K_{2} = 0$$
$$K_{3} = 0$$
Because
I3 != 0

then by type of surface:
you need to
Make the characteristic equation for the surface:
$$- I_{1} \lambda^{2} + I_{2} \lambda - I_{3} + \lambda^{3} = 0$$
or
$$\lambda^{3} - 5 \lambda^{2} + \lambda + 7 = 0$$
$$\lambda_{1} = -1$$
$$\lambda_{2} = 3 - \sqrt{2}$$
$$\lambda_{3} = \sqrt{2} + 3$$
then the canonical form of the equation will be
$$\left(\tilde x1^{2} \lambda_{3} + \left(\tilde x2^{2} \lambda_{2} + \tilde x3^{2} \lambda_{1}\right)\right) + \frac{I_{4}}{I_{3}} = 0$$
$$\tilde x1^{2} \left(\sqrt{2} + 3\right) + \tilde x2^{2} \left(3 - \sqrt{2}\right) - \tilde x3^{2} = 0$$
$$- \frac{\tilde x3^{2}}{1^{2}} + \left(\frac{\tilde x1^{2}}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 3}}\right)^{2}} + \frac{\tilde x2^{2}}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3 - \sqrt{2}}}\right)^{2}}\right) = 0$$
this equation is fora type cone
- reduced to canonical form